What's Wrong With Youth Basketball Leagues

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There are so many youth basketball leagues that are win-loss leagues which focus on the end result of whether the kids win or lose the games and that's it. They play zones, have unequal playing time, and create a stressful environment with coaches yelling at the kids and placing the unwanted pressure of winning & losing on them.

This needs to stop!

You want to know what happens with these kids & teams in 5 to 6 years:
  1. Kids Quit the Sport.

    The number 1 reason kids quit sports is because it's not fun anymore. So why are we making it so stressful for them?


    Don Kelbick informed us about a recent study by AAHPER revealed that over 80% of kids who play in organized youth sports no longer play that sport after the age of 13. THAT'S TERRIBLE!!!! Back in the day, kids did not start playing organized sports until they were 13.

    Why does this happen?

    Kids respond poorly to stress at a young age.

    Kids prefer to have fun & play freely!! Placing an emphasis on winning, having unequal playing time and yelling at the kids create stress which is why so many kids turn to the Wii & playstation. This is part of the reason why we have an UNHEALTHY nation.

    Why do you think AND1 basketball has become so popular?

    The stress levels are low and the kids are allowed to have FUN. I used to be opposed to AND1 basketball until I learned why kids were turning to it.


  2. The other teams that focused on the fundamentals & practiced game-like situations are better!!

    They didn't get caught up in the wins and losses. Rather, they focused on creating fun, relaxed atmosphere while teaching the fundamentals. Since they have solid foundation on making lay ups, dribbling, passing, shooting, and playing man to man defense, they now can handle the other teams that spent less time on the fundamentals and focused on the insignificant stuff that won't work at the higher levels.

    It's also VERY IMPORTANT to apply the basketball fundamentals & skills in competitive game-like situations. If you never put them in situations that make them use the new skill in a game-like environment, it'll be very difficult for them to apply it to the games. All of the sudden, defenders are there and the newly-learned skills go out the window because they had few repetitions practicing the fundamentals with a defender guarding them.

    Practice the skill WITHOUT the defense to LEARN the skill.

    Practice the skill WITH the defense to APPLY the skill.

    Also, if the high school coach of these same kids decides to run zones, traps, and presses, they are that much more effective because the players have a solid foundation versus a group of kids that just worked on presses, traps, and any other tactic that took advantage of a flaw in the youth basketball system.


  3. Kids that could have been great never got the playing time to develop.

    A 6'0 mature 13 year old may be good now, but the 5'9 skinny, uncoordinated kid that is going to be 6'9 may be the best in the future. The timid, smaller player with great decision-making skills loses playing time to the more aggressive, bigger player.

    If these players don't get playing how time, how are they supposed to get better? If they don't play, they might QUIT!!

I'm not saying that you don't want your kids to win. The kids should still play to win. I'm just saying that YOUR focus should be on developing the players, so it gives them the best opportunity to win when they get older.


Here is an example of a development league progression:
* Updated on 11/8/2016


8 to 10 Year Olds (3rd & 4th Grade):
10 to 12 Year Olds (5th & 6th Grade):
  • Start to introduce 5 on 5. (Still use 3 on 3 and other small sided games to teach basketball concepts in every practice.)
  • No trapping defenses, zone defenses, or full court zone presses.
  • Half court man to man defense in 1st half. Full court man to man defense in 2nd half.
  • Equal playing time for players that give their best effort and follow team rules. Players that violate rules may get reduced playing time.
  • No 3-pointers (or move in 3-point line - 15 feet to 18 feet)
  • Height of Rim - 9 to 10 Feet
  • Intermediate Ball - 27.75” - 28.5" (9") - International Size 6

12 to 14 Year Olds (7th & 8th Grade): If you would like to find out more about a successful league, that encourages development of our youth the right way, I highly advise you to visit Martin Spencer's site on Mini-Basketball. It's great!

http://www.mini-basketball.org.uk/


All of the leagues should be required to place a heavy emphasis on:
  • Teaching skills and concepts.

  • Placing players in competitive, game-like situations to practice the skills. You can also use fun, youth basketball drills.

  • Creating a relaxed, fun environment. Higher stress levels slow the learning process and cause kids to quit sports.

  • Treating competition like fun scrimmages. Too many coaches get caught up with what's happening on the scoreboard rather than teaching their players how to play.


Do you have any questions or suggestions for this article? Let us know by leaving your comments...



Comments

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Mike Kayes says:
3/10/2009 at 6:26:55 AM

Re: Your Equal playing time rule. This is an excerpt from our manual - "Coaching Youth Basketball With Faith and Fundamentals"

Mike Kayes - Stewards of the Game

The most powerful reward or motivational tool a coach has is the control over playing time. Stewards of the Game believes strongly that playing time should be a function of level of effort during practice, first and foremost. Next comes overall attitude, respect, and commitment to team play. The third determinant of playing time is ability.

An important life lesson we are trying to teach is that success demands hard work. If a player is getting more playing time than you are because he is working harder then you can either accept it or decide to work harder yourself. If playing time is going to be equal there is a disincentive to work harder. In our experience, there are usually one or two players who work the hardest and one or two players who are chronically late for practice, miss altogether, or who aren’t really in to it. Equal playing time, while trying to strengthen the weak, is more successful in weakening the strong.

Another important life lesson relates to learning to be an unselfish team player. When on the bench, players have two attitudinal choices – they can think about themselves or they can think about their teammates. In other words they can complain about not being in the game and secretly wish their teammates will fail, or they can encourage and cheer for their teammates. In essence, we define “team” in this manner – In every thought and every action, a team must encourage strengths and compensate weaknesses, while deriving personal satisfaction, first and foremost, from the success of other teammates. Moreover, there may be no greater opportunity to show Christian humility and sportsmanship then by learning to feel as happy about a teammate’s success as your own.

If another player is playing more than you are because he is better then work hard to improve. We are giving youth an unrealistic message when we completely discount ability as an input into making playing time decisions. In the real world, ability matters a lot. Nevertheless, ability should be the third determinant of playing time, not the first.

A prerequisite for any team to be successful is that every individual willingly accepts his role and strives to contribute in that role to the best of his ability. Some players will be scorers, some rebounders, some defenders and so on. Others may play support roles, which require them to give their best effort in practice to help their teammates or to offer encouragement from the bench during games. Accepting roles is a critical element of every healthy family, winning basketball team or successful business. By encouraging this process we can reinforce the life lessons of teamwork, trust and helping others.

Additionally, there are game situations that present better opportunities to succeed for certain players. The goal, again, is to help each player become the best he is capable of becoming. If all a player can do is throw a great full court baseball pass then he should be given that opportunity on the last play of the game whether it is his “time” to play or not. Similarly, the tallest player might be substituted to guard the in-bounds passer on the last play.

I have witnessed first hand how a team leader can emerge when a player accepts the responsibility to help his teammates improve. One great way this is done is by letting the players on the court be responsible for defensive match-ups. Players also get the chance to build and experience teamwork. For example, a player might want to guard his friend who is the leading scorer on the other team, but realizes that a teammate is a better defender, so he lets his teammate guard him. Lastly, making adjustments after substitutions promotes quick thinking and team communication. It is challenging, but a great growth opportunity for the players to learn to deal with and overcome adversity – another important life lesson of Stewards of the Game.

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David says:
11/27/2015 at 7:12:22 AM

I am a kid(12) and I was looking around the Internet for basketball articles about my age. I disagree completely with the keeping score. I want to win. I strive to win. Every time I ever played a sport, my goal was to win. Back when I was 5 playing YMCA, the officials wouldn't keep score, but all us kindergarteners were keeping score the entire game. As soon as the game ended we would ask who won to the kid who always kept track. If I played basketball without keeping score I'd just rather play driveway basketball with my friends. Kids want to be like NBA players, so they want to keep score. The only reason in the world I'd quit basketball would be if they got rid of all the stress. What's the point of paying a league to play basketball if you don't keep score, then you don't have a goal or anything to strive towards.

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David says:
11/27/2015 at 7:17:33 AM

Oh, and by the way there in no way at my age(6th grade) you should play on a 9 foot rim. And also they talked about the 5'9" skinny kid, I 4'7" and I'm 12, I also am the best player in my league. I'm better than the taller kids because I have been exposed to pressure(from myself) because of wanting to win.

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Not David says:
12/9/2015 at 2:21:49 PM

Aaaand this is why 12-year-olds aren't asked for advice.

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AT says:
3/11/2016 at 12:52:14 PM

I'm 43. I played multiple varsity HS sports (soccer, basketball, and football) and small college football. I've coached more than a dozen seasons of rec sports (football, soccer, basketball) both boys and girls ages 7-15. I've coached in rec leagues that didn't keep score and those that were extremely intense and competitive. I've coached HS girls basketball and AAU girls basketball for a total of 6 seasons.

Aaaand I completely agree with David.

Next time try some actual arguments instead of deriding a kid's opinion about what he prefers in the sports arena.

The truth is that back in the "old days" very few kids played organized sports. Instead they played pickup sports, and the serious and capable athletes moved on to play varsity and college sports. Today organized sports have largely replaced pickup games for a variety of reasons. The kids dropping out are simply the ones who aren't serious enough or talented enough to keep going at a higher level.

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mark says:
5/13/2016 at 2:28:45 PM

It is difficult to hold the players reasponsable for them getting to practice on time they do not drive the parents do. The effort is all that is important it should always be team first. I have been coaching youth baskerball for 26 years and the rewards off the court as opposed to on it ar remarkable sure everyone wants to win but you can not all the time. I try to set the players up for sucsess and talk about that and not winning and losing. At times you do have to get their attention and let them know that you are the coach coaching is a dictatorship not a democoracy. As the coach you always need to coach team first and athlete second always what is best for the team.

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Bryan says:
10/1/2016 at 12:45:04 AM

AT - I could not disagree with you more on your comment that the kids dropping out are simply not "serious enough or capable enough" to continue to a higher level. It is this type of thinking that is the problem in youth sports today. Kids quit at an early age when they are no longer having fun. They're not old enough to "take the game seriously" They either like the game and want to continue to work at it or they don't enjoy it and quit. The talented and hardest working kids will naturally rise to the top as they mature and reach their full potential. As youth coaches our job is to make the game fun, teach the fundamentals and give the kids a foundation so that each and every kid has a chance to reach their full potential. You have absolutely no way of telling at age 12 (like David) who has the drive or potential to be a great athlete in any sport.

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Alex says:
2/1/2016 at 5:21:42 PM

I agree with David. I am 17 and about to become a coach. Kids need competition because it is healthy and if you want to have your skills developed, go to a developmental clinic because it is the way of the world that nowadays rec leagues are competitive. Ask any kid and they'll think it is awesome

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Big Cajun Man says:
3/10/2009 at 8:06:54 AM

This is not just a Basketball issue, I have seen these exact same questions in Minor Hockey programs and I see it in our organizations development and competitive programs.

This year our areas team presidents thought a good idea would be to introduce "equal play" rules for the competitive U14 program (previously we did this in U12 and below). I agree with the previous comment, that this can be a terrible "negative" motivator for kids, and wish the presidents had instead instituted a "No Zone" rule for U14 instead (girls program they are just not strong enough to be outside shooters yet).

Interesting discussion, but remember this is not a basketball only issue.

aw

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Joe Haefner says:
3/10/2009 at 8:23:17 AM

Mike & Big Cajun Man,

I agree with your statements. However, notice that I said "FAIRLY equal playing time" for the 12 to 14 year old league. I guess this is up for interpretation. I believe at this age the kids should start to take more responsibility for their work ethic and attitude. If my numbers were at about 8 to 10 players, I made sure that everybody played at least a third of the game.

I also tried to schedule an extra 10 minute quarter where the clock was turned off, so the players who did not get as much playing time as the others got to play.

And Cajun Man, I agree that this is not just a basketball issue.


Mike,

Those are excellent and very well written. Thank you for sharing. I have a few questions for you and points to consider:

- In your opinion, what age level do you think these concepts apply? It seems like 5-10 year olds might have a little trouble grasping and learning these concepts. They just want to play and have fun. Do you think 5-10 year olds are ready for "roles".

- How much playing time do you give based on ability? How do you give late bloomers a chance to develop? I have personally seen MANY kids that just needed some experience and time on the court to really blossom.

I think your point is very valid and the life lessons you mention are very important. I completely agree that kids needs to learn about responsibility and roles in their life. In my mind, the big question is when do you teach those lessons? And how do you get all kids opportunities to develop into good basketball players? Let me know what you think.

And what about the players that have bad family lives? What if not playing them will make them quit basketball and any chance we have of helping them is gone? What about the players that arrive late and it is the parent's fault?

These are some tough situations we all face as coaches and I don't know if there is a clear right or wrong way to approach them.

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Donna says:
3/10/2009 at 8:54:38 AM

My daughter and son have been playing 3 on 3 tourneys for years now. It has helped so much. The 3 girls that play on her team can really pass the ball, know where her teammates are, see the open girl, rebound great, game and ball awareness. I would recommend 3 on 3 to any young child.

Of course, make it fun!!!!

I also have problems during softball season with ''''equal playing'''' time. I am a firm believer in equal playing time. If a child does not get playing time they can not develop. It is not our right as youth coaches to make the decision who will be the players in high school. I have trouble with parents who think their child needs to play all the time because they are better. It is so frustrating because what it is teaching their child is "me me me".

Thank you for your great articles!!!

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chad turner says:
11/14/2016 at 2:23:14 PM

@ Donna......the mentality that "equal playing time" is a given is just what is wrong nowadays. THAT IS WHAT HOUSE LEAGUE IS FOR

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Coach Baker says:
3/10/2009 at 9:09:31 AM

I coach my team as all equel when it comes to games i use a merit system u practice and play hard u play more, I do stress perfection and i let every player have there chance it makes the weaker players mature quicker, they dont want to look bad so they all perform at a higher level and it makes it fun last weekend we won are first championship of are young season 7 more to come we play in nationally ranked tournaments ive seen great improvement in a short time u have to keep your program short fun nd simple you can loose interest easy with youth u have to keep your drills and practices fun but stress play hard. Coach Baker Lightning travel team wis

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David Goodrich says:
3/10/2009 at 9:39:14 AM

In my years of coaching, THE most important aspect of success in ensuring kids have a positive experience is matching the age of the children to the height of the rim.

Since we moved to the west coast, I cannot tell you how disappointing it is to see so many winter leagues, summer leagues, summer camps etc teaching all the kids on 10 foot rims. It is next to impossible for any child under 10 to learn proper shooting form, let alone score by simply heaving the ball, on a 10 foot rim. I would even go so far as to say any child under 12 should be on a lower rim (even if it is only 9'5").

We decided to "match" the ages to the rim (6 under=7', 7-8=8' 9-11=9'). I cannot tell you how exciting it is for parents and kids to see scores for "under 6s" in the upper 30s (ie-39-35 as opposed to 8-6) as EVERY child can shoot on the rim.

We even redrill the variable height baskets to accommodate younger kids (ie-height range from 6.5 to 9 feet).

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Ron says:
3/10/2009 at 10:27:45 AM

Joe, thanks for your emphasis on the issue of age, I would like to think that my inputs to you a few years back were a catalyst to you creating the "youth" section in your newsletter. Far too much emphasis is placed on winning in youth sports, this year i coached a 5th grade girls team(10 and 11 year olds), i had 10 girls on the team, 5 of them had never played before and may not play again, since 6th grade middle school will have to "try out" to make the team. I emphasized fun and learning for the girls and created two equal squads and rotated them every half quarter, the girls all got equal playing time, had fun and learned the game, and as a team placed 3rd out of 14 teams(not to shabby). bottom line is, the stars are gonna be stars no matter how much time they get, the late bloomers will never develop sitting on the bench, and with only 2 hours of practice time a week, i think playing time is a must!!! there are two types of coaches, ones that teach and ones that need to win, more emphasis needs to be put on placing the coaches in the right roles, not the kids!

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Martin Spencer Mini-Basketball England Education Officer says:
3/10/2009 at 12:47:58 PM

In Engalnd one of our most important books on Mini-Basketball was written by Dr Martin Lee in 1998. At this time Martin was Director of the Institute for the Study of Children in Sport. The book is called Coaching Children in Mini-Basketball; An introductory course in coaching principles. The book was commissioned by FIBA Mini-Basketball which at that time was a separate committee. There is now an overall Youth Committee. Mini-Basketball is the general term for basketball for children under 12.

The book is in fact a course with units of information and some exercises to do to prepare new Mini-Basketball coaches.The units help the coach to:
Be clear about what they are trying to achieve, what children need and want, and to match their needs with coaching goals.
Understand the things that make children different from adults-their physical & psychological growth and developmental patterns-how they learn skills and how this knowledge improves coaching.
Understand what competition cam mean for children and how it can be organised. Understand what things cause stress and reduce enjoyment for young athletes
Create a happy and productive coaching environment for young players.
Involve parents more effectively.

Martin's section on compeition suggests that to meet the needs of children we devise competitons where:
All of them may experience a degree of success at their own level.
They can test their skill against their own standards.
They can be part of a team
They can learn to compare themselves against other players and teams without feeling that they are failures- i.e. they take a positive experience with them.
Recognise all players for their efforts and improvement they have made.
Children should not lose and then have to leave the competition early-
keep them involved in the action.
All children play equally.
All children should make a contribution and no team members should feel left out. Teams should be evenly balanced.
Work carefully to select teams that play against each other are equally balanced.

How is this done?
Well FIBA Mini-Basketball rules suggest that each child in a team of 10 plays 2 of the 4 quarters. The coaches work together to balance the teams on court. A Festival style is recommended where lots of games are played with no ranking of teams. if you need to give an award make it a fairplay award.
It is true to say that throughout Europe there are still many tournaments played in 'world cup' style with pools and the adults love awarding trophies.

After a tournament in Slavakia, the organiser who also liked to give life lessons to children, awarded a cake to each team. The team that came 6th had the smallest and the winners had a huge cake..all brought out with a relish by the catering staff. However it was great to see the children cutting up and handing the cake equally to everybody!!!
Job Done!

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Mike L says:
3/10/2009 at 7:08:08 PM

Ridiculous to park a kid on the bench at age 12, unless it's for the coach's ego. With 9 players, everybody who comes to practice regularly with a positive attitude plays two quarters, even if they're not skilled; we don't expect them to specialize in basketball yet. Participation is the priority. If you've got more than 10 kids, make trades with neighboring teams or schools, or recruit some newbies and split into two clubs.

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Nicole says:
7/10/2016 at 4:37:38 PM

Correct - split the club up based on skill. We have Elite, A and B teams in our program to place them accordingly.

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Russell Edwards says:
3/11/2009 at 11:07:07 AM

the equal or fair play time should be a rule for school and youth programs. i couldnt agree more, my daughter is an 8th grader and this year she was in with the top 8 as far as skills but wasnt in the starting 5 ( no big deal ) but those 8 all had the same skill level. there were games that only the starting 5 played the whole game and they never subed once. most games they would sub the top 8 and never let the bottom 4 play. there were rare games where the would put the bottom 4 in all together at the last two min. of a game. the starting five that played would make ten times the mistakes as the other girls that would be put in but as soon as they would even stumble once they would get pulled. i cant help to wonder if it wasnt the fact that the starters dads keep team stat and the time clock, and had a membership to the same country club as the coach. if they are going to have 12 kids on a team the should all play in every game if your only going to play 5 then only have 5 on your team. but the coach and athletic directer were so proud we didnt loose a game this season. when thay won the championship and the 5 girls that played were celibrating, and ask my dayghter why she wasnt, she told them because she didnt do anything and didnt feel like she was apart of the victory.fortinatly shes not giving up and continues to work hard and train for next year.

but instead of everybody just thinking its a good idea for equal play time what can we do to have some rules mandated for that?

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Nicole says:
7/10/2016 at 4:39:25 PM

Our school system does abide by the equal time rule. However, if you are PAYING to be in a league - then you should not be forced to have such a rule. Place your child in an appropriate league for your child.

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